Sawada Kazuhiko, Fukunishi Katsuhiro, Kashima Masatoshi, Imai Noritaka, Saito Shigeyoshi, Sakata-Haga Hiromi, Aoki Ichio, Fukui Yoshihiro
Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan.
Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2012 Mar;52(1):16-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2011.00352.x.
Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is a popular laboratory primate belonging to Old World monkeys, which are the group most closely related to humans except for the apes. This paper summarizes a series of our studies regarding the development of cerebral sulci and gyri in this primate, and the stated possibility of evaluation of the sulcal development for assessing the developmental toxicity testing. The cerebrum of cynomolgus monkeys experienced a regular sequence of emergence of sulci and gyri on gross observation while such timetables corresponded to those obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a lag time of 10-30 days. When the timetables for the emergence of anatomically identical primary sulci and gyri were compared between cynomolgus monkeys and humans, their chronological sequences were comparable, while some sulci and gyri located on the phylogenetically newer cortical region in humans emerged earlier in monkeys. The present paper further indicates brief procedures for evaluating cerebral abnormalities and/or maturity using brain specimens without MRI measurements. The primary sulcal lengths measured by the 'cotton thread' method were a brief index of the degree of regional gyrification. As the development of a calcarine sulcus was closely correlated with morphological maturation of the lateral ventricle, which changed drastically during embryonic days (EDs) 90-100, the cerebral maturity on ED 100 could be evaluated by the infolding of that sulcus. Thus, the present paper provides gross anatomical and MRI references and brief procedures for investigating the normality of the development of cerebral sulci and gyri of laboratory primates, cynomolgus monkeys.
食蟹猴（猕猴）是一种常用的实验灵长类动物，属于旧世界猴，是除猿类外与人类关系最密切的群体。本文总结了我们关于这种灵长类动物脑沟回发育的一系列研究，以及提出的通过评估脑沟发育来进行发育毒性测试的可能性。大体观察时，食蟹猴的大脑经历了脑沟回出现的常规顺序，而这些时间表与通过磁共振成像（MRI）获得的时间表相对应，但有10 - 30天的延迟。当比较食蟹猴和人类在解剖学上相同的主要脑沟回出现的时间表时，它们的时间顺序具有可比性，然而人类进化上新皮质区域的一些脑沟回在猴子中出现得更早。本文还指出了在不进行MRI测量的情况下，使用脑标本评估脑异常和/或成熟度的简要程序。通过“棉线”法测量的主要脑沟长度是区域脑回化程度的一个简要指标。由于距状沟的发育与侧脑室的形态成熟密切相关，而侧脑室在胚胎期（EDs）90 - 100天期间发生了巨大变化，因此可以通过该脑沟的褶皱来评估ED 100天时的脑成熟度。因此，本文提供了大体解剖学和MRI参考以及简要程序，用于研究实验灵长类动物食蟹猴脑沟回发育的正常情况。
