Ptitsyna N G, Villoresi G, Kopytenko Y A, Kudrin V A, Tyasto M I, Kopytenko E A, Iucci N, Voronov P M, Zaitsev D B
St. Petersburg Department, Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, lonosphere, and Radio Wave Propagation (SP IZMIRAN), Russia.
Bioelectromagnetics. 1996;17(6):436-44. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1996)17:6<436::AID-BEM2>3.0.CO;2-4.
The present analysis was stimulated by previous findings on the possible influence of natural ultralow-frequency (ULF; 0.001-10 Hz) geomagnetic field variations on the cardiovascular system and indications of an effect of man-made ULF magnetic fields on the rate of myocardial infarction. In the present study, we considered the occupational health hazards of the strongest ULF magnetic fields in densely populated urban areas. Measurements of ULF magnetic field fluctuations produced by trains powered by DC electricity were performed by means of a computer-based, highly sensitive, three-component magnetometer. We found that the magnitude of magnetic field pulses inside the driver's cab of electric locomotives (ELs) could be > or = 280 microT in the horizontal component perpendicular to the rails and up to approximately 130 microT in the vertical component, and, in the driver's compartment of electric motor unit (EMU) trains, they were approximately 50 and 35 microT, respectively. We have investigated the relationships between the occupational exposure to ULF magnetic field fluctuations produced by electric trains and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among railroad workers in the former Soviet Union. We have analyzed medical statistical data for a period of 3 years for approximately 45,000 railroad workers and 4,000 engine drivers. We have also analyzed 3 years of morbidity data for three subgroups of engine drivers (approximately 4,000 in each group) operating different types of trains. We find that EL drivers have a twofold increase in risk (2.00 +/- 0.27) of coronary heart diseases (CHDs) compared with EMU drivers. Because our analysis of major CVDs shows that the examined subpopulations of drivers can be considered to have had equal exposure to all known risk factors, the elevated CHD risk among EL drivers could be attributed to the increased occupational exposure to ULF magnetic fields.
先前的研究发现自然超低频（ULF；0.001 - 10赫兹）地磁场变化可能对心血管系统产生影响，并且人造超低频磁场对心肌梗死发生率有影响，受这些研究结果的启发，开展了本项分析。在本研究中，我们考虑了人口密集的城市地区最强超低频磁场对职业健康的危害。通过基于计算机的高灵敏度三分量磁力计，对直流供电列车产生的超低频磁场波动进行了测量。我们发现，在电力机车（EL）驾驶室中，垂直于铁轨的水平分量磁场脉冲幅度可能≥280微特斯拉，垂直分量可达约130微特斯拉；而在电动动车组（EMU）列车的驾驶舱内，水平和垂直分量的磁场脉冲幅度分别约为50微特斯拉和35微特斯拉。我们研究了前苏联铁路工人职业暴露于电动列车产生的超低频磁场波动与心血管疾病（CVD）之间的关系。我们分析了约45000名铁路工人和4000名机车司机3年的医学统计数据。我们还分析了操作不同类型列车的三个机车司机亚组（每组约4000人）3年的发病数据。我们发现，与EMU司机相比，EL司机患冠心病（CHD）的风险增加了两倍（2.00±0.27）。由于我们对主要心血管疾病的分析表明，所检查的司机亚人群在所有已知风险因素方面的暴露情况可视为相同，因此EL司机冠心病风险升高可能归因于职业性超低频磁场暴露增加。
