Macchi G, Jones E G
Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
J Neurosurg. 1997 Jan;86(1):77-92. doi: 10.3171/jns.1997.86.1.0077.
The nomenclature most commonly applied to the motor-related nuclei of the human thalamus differs substantially from that applied to the thalamus of other primates, from which most knowledge of input-output connections is derived. Knowledge of these connections in the human is a prerequisite for stereotactic neurosurgical approaches designed to alleviate movement disorders by the placement of lesions in specific nuclei. Transfer to humans of connectional information derived from experimental studies in nonhuman primates requires agreement about the equivalence of nuclei in the different species, and dialogue between experimentalists and neurosurgeons would be facilitated by the use of a common nomenclature. In this review, the authors compare the different nomenclatures and review the cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the nuclei in the anterolateral aspect of the ventral nuclear mass in humans and monkeys, suggest which nuclei are equivalent, and propose a common terminology. On this basis, it is possible to identify the nuclei of the human motor thalamus that transfer information from the substantia nigra, globus pallidus, cerebellum, and proprioceptive components of the medial lemniscus to prefrontal, premotor, motor, and somatosensory areas of the cerebral cortex. It also becomes possible to suggest the principal functional systems involved in stereotactically guided thalamotomies and the functional basis of the symptoms observed following ischemic lesions in different parts of the human thalamus.
最常用于人类丘脑运动相关核团的命名法，与用于其他灵长类动物丘脑的命名法有很大不同，而我们关于输入 - 输出连接的大部分知识都来自其他灵长类动物。了解人类这些连接是立体定向神经外科手术方法的前提条件，该方法旨在通过在特定核团中放置损伤来缓解运动障碍。将从非人类灵长类动物实验研究中获得的连接信息应用于人类，需要就不同物种中核团的等效性达成一致，使用通用命名法将有助于实验人员和神经外科医生之间的交流。在这篇综述中，作者比较了不同的命名法，并回顾了人类和猴子腹侧核团前外侧方面核团的细胞结构和化学结构，指出哪些核团是等效的，并提出了一个通用术语。在此基础上，就有可能识别出人类运动丘脑中那些将来自黑质、苍白球、小脑以及内侧丘系本体感觉成分的信息传递到大脑皮层前额叶、运动前区、运动区和躯体感觉区的核团。还能够提出立体定向丘脑切开术中涉及的主要功能系统，以及人类丘脑不同部位缺血性损伤后所观察到症状的功能基础。
