Normal oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep. How low does it go?

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To determine oxyhemoglobin saturation (O2 Sat) in healthy humans.

DESIGN

Retrospective review of all-night pulse oximetry data, carefully examined to exclude periods of motion artifact. The lowest saturation recorded during the night (Low Sat), the median saturation (Sat 50), and the saturation below which the patient spent 10% of the time (Sat 10) were tabulated. These data were compared to the O2 Sat in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and patients with stable asthma.

SETTING

Sleep laboratory in a tertiary care hospital.

PATIENTS

Three hundred fifty people with normal results of overnight polysomnography. Patients with known craniofacial or neurologic abnormalities or any previously diagnosed pulmonary disease such as asthma or COPD were excluded. The healthy subjects ranged in age from 1 month to 85 years. There were 184 male and 166 female subjects. These were compared to 25 patients with OSA and 21 patients with asthma.

RESULTS

For the healthy patients, the mean +/- SD Low Sat was 90.4% +/- 3.1%. The mean Sat 10 was 94.7% +/- 1.6%. The mean Sat 50 was 96.5% +/- 1.5%. There was no relationship between any of the O2 Sat measures and sex, race, or obesity as measured by body mass index. However, older subjects (> 60 years of age) had lower Sat 10 (92.8 +/- 2.3) and Sat 50 (95.1 +/- 2.0) than did younger subjects. The O2 Sat of the patients with asthma was not different from the healthy subjects, but the patients with OSA had a significantly lower Sat 50, Sat 10, and Low Sat.

SUMMARY

We describe in detail O2 Sat in a large group of healthy people. Older subjects without known cardiorespiratory disease have lower O2 Sat than younger subjects.