Cox B J, Cohen E, Direnfeld D M, Swinson R P
Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Behav Res Ther. 1996 Nov-Dec;34(11-12):949-54; discussion 955-61. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00037-x.
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) has become a popular measure in anxiety assessment and the BAI does not overlap in content with measures of depression. There is also some factor analytic evidence to support this distinction. However, an inspection of the BAI's content indicates that many of its items resemble, or are identical to, the symptoms of panic attacks listed in the DSM-IV. Further empirical support for this suspicion is provided from the results of a factor analysis of the BAI items and the individual DSM-IV panic symptoms contained in the Panic Attack Questionnaire, using data from a sample of 157 panic disorder patients. A three-factor model (dizziness related, catastrophic cognitions/fear, cardiorespiratory distress) emerged that replicated a three-factor model of panic symptoms identified in earlier work with another panic disorder sample. All but one of the BAI items loaded highly on the three panic symptom clusters and no separate BAI factor was obtained. The BAI appears to be confounded with, or actually measures, panic attacks rather than anxiety in general. Several implications of this finding are discussed.
贝克焦虑量表（BAI）已成为焦虑评估中一种常用的测量工具，且BAI在内容上与抑郁测量工具不存在重叠。也有一些因素分析证据支持这一区别。然而，对BAI内容的审视表明，其许多条目与《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第四版（DSM-IV）中列出的惊恐发作症状相似或相同。使用来自157名惊恐障碍患者样本的数据，对BAI条目和《惊恐发作问卷》中包含的个别DSM-IV惊恐症状进行因素分析的结果，为这一怀疑提供了进一步的实证支持。出现了一个三因素模型（与头晕相关、灾难性认知/恐惧、心肺窘迫），该模型复制了早期在另一个惊恐障碍样本研究中确定的惊恐症状三因素模型。除一项外，所有BAI条目在这三个惊恐症状集群上的载荷都很高，且未获得单独的BAI因素。BAI似乎与惊恐发作混淆在一起，或者实际上测量的是惊恐发作，而不是一般意义上的焦虑。本文讨论了这一发现的几个含义。
