Schroots J J
European Research Institute on Health and Aging, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Gerontologist. 1996 Dec;36(6):742-8. doi: 10.1093/geront/36.6.742.
This article presents a summary overview of the most distinctive psychological theories of aging since World War II. Theoretical developments are broadly classified into three periods, respectively: The Classical period ('40s-'70s), represented by Developmental Tasks/Activity Theory, Psychosocial Theory of Personality Development, Counterpart Theory, Disengagement/Activity Theory, Personality Theory of Age and Aging, and Cognitive Theory of Personality and Aging; the Modern period ('70s-'90s), which includes theories on Life-span Development and Aging, Reduced Processing Resources, Personality and Aging, Behavioral Genetics and Aging; and the New period ('80s-'90s), represented by Gerotranscendence and Gerodynamics/Branching Theory. The overview ends with an outlook on psychogerontological theorizing.
本文概述了二战以来最具特色的衰老心理学理论。理论发展大致分为三个时期：经典时期（40年代至70年代），以发展任务/活动理论、人格发展心理社会理论、对应理论、脱离/活动理论、年龄与衰老人格理论以及人格与衰老认知理论为代表；现代时期（70年代至90年代），包括寿命发展与衰老理论、加工资源减少理论、人格与衰老理论、行为遗传学与衰老理论；新时期（80年代至90年代），以超个人老年学和老年动力学/分支理论为代表。概述最后展望了老年心理学理论的发展前景。
