Bohn D K, Holz K A
J Nurse Midwifery. 1996 Nov-Dec;41(6):442-56. doi: 10.1016/s0091-2182(96)80012-7.
Violence against women is endemic in the United States. One third to one half of all women will experience one or more types of abuse in their lifetime, most often at the hands of a family member or an intimate or formerly intimate partner. One in 12 women is battered during pregnancy. Abuse survivors are disproportionately frequent users of health care services because of acute and chronic physical, somatic, emotional, and behavioral sequelae of abuse. Health care practitioners are often the first contact abuse survivors have with a potentially helping professional. It is, therefore, essential that health care providers learn to identify and to intervene appropriately with survivors of abuse. This article reviews and compares the health effects of three of the most common types of violence against women: childhood sexual abuse, domestic battering, and rape. Sequelae are divided into six categories: physical/medical, somatic, emotional/ psychological, social/interpersonal, behavioral/sexual, and pregnancy-related effects. The health effects discussed in this article include research findings, as well as effects noted in clinical practice. Recommendations are made for routine screening of all women for past and current abuse, as well as for intervention strategies.
在美国，针对女性的暴力行为十分普遍。三分之一至二分之一的女性在其一生中会经历一种或多种形式的虐待，施暴者大多是家庭成员、亲密伴侣或曾经的亲密伴侣。每12名女性中就有1人在孕期遭受殴打。由于虐待造成的急慢性身体、躯体、情感和行为后遗症，虐待幸存者使用医疗服务的频率高得不成比例。医疗从业者往往是虐待幸存者接触到的首位可能提供帮助的专业人员。因此，医疗服务提供者必须学会识别虐待幸存者并进行适当干预。本文回顾并比较了针对女性的三种最常见暴力行为的健康影响：童年性虐待、家庭暴力和强奸。后遗症分为六类：身体/医学、躯体、情感/心理、社会/人际、行为/性以及与怀孕相关的影响。本文讨论的健康影响包括研究结果以及临床实践中发现的影响。文章还针对对所有女性进行过往和当前虐待情况的常规筛查以及干预策略提出了建议。
