Custovic A, Green R, Fletcher A, Smith A, Pickering C A, Chapman M D, Woodcock A
North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Jan;155(1):94-8. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.155.1.9001295.
Exposure and sensitization to dog allergen is a significant cause of asthma. In this study we investigated the distribution, aerodynamic characteristics, and particle-size distribution of the major dog allergen Can f 1. Dust samples were collected in 50 homes with a dog and 50 homes without dogs. Airborne Can f 1 concentration was measured in 28 homes with dogs and 36 homes without a dog. Particle-size distribution was determined by using 10 separate Andersen sampler measurements in a dog-handling facility, and in 10 homes with dogs, and by repeated measurements in a home with one dog. High levels of Can f 1 (> 10 microg/g) were found in dust in all but one home with a dog and in eight of 50 homes without dogs. Airborne Can f 1 levels varied greatly between the homes with dogs (range: 0.3 to 99 ng/m3). Low levels of airborne Can f 1 (range: 0.4 to 1.1 ng/m3) were detected in 11 of 36 homes without a dog. Can f 1 was predominantly associated with large particles collected on the first stage of the Andersen sampler (> 9 microm), which averaged 42 to 49% of the total allergen recovered in the dog-handling facility and in homes with dogs. Small particles (< 5 microm diameter) also carried Can f 1, and these particles comprised approximately 20% of the total airborne allergen load. There was an excellent concordance between the results obtained in different sampling areas, and between the total Can f 1 recovered on the Andersen sampler and on the parallel filter. In conclusion, airborne Can f 1 was detectable in undisturbed conditions in all homes with dogs and in almost one third of the homes without dogs. In houses with dogs, a significant proportion (approximately 20%) of airborne Can f 1 was associated with small particles (< 5 microm diameter). Owing to their aerodynamic characteristics, these particles would be expected to remain airborne for a long period and, when inhaled, could penetrate into the lower airways and initiate asthma attacks.
接触和致敏于犬过敏原是哮喘的一个重要病因。在本研究中，我们调查了主要犬过敏原Can f 1的分布、空气动力学特性及粒径分布。在50个有狗的家庭和50个没有狗的家庭中采集灰尘样本。在28个有狗的家庭和36个没有狗的家庭中测量空气中Can f 1的浓度。通过在一个犬处理设施、10个有狗的家庭中使用10个独立的安德森采样器测量，以及在一个有一只狗的家庭中重复测量来确定粒径分布。在除一个有狗的家庭外的所有有狗家庭以及50个无狗家庭中的8个家庭的灰尘中发现了高水平的Can f 1（>10微克/克）。有狗的家庭中空气中Can f 1水平差异很大（范围：0.3至99纳克/立方米）。在36个无狗家庭中的11个家庭中检测到低水平的空气中Can f 1（范围：0.4至1.1纳克/立方米）。Can f 1主要与在安德森采样器第一阶段收集的大颗粒（>9微米）相关，在犬处理设施和有狗的家庭中，这些颗粒平均占回收的总过敏原的42%至49%。小颗粒（直径<5微米）也携带Can f 1，这些颗粒约占空气中总过敏原负荷的20%。在不同采样区域获得的结果之间，以及在安德森采样器和平行过滤器上回收的总Can f 1之间存在极好的一致性。总之，在所有有狗的家庭以及几乎三分之一无狗的家庭的未受干扰条件下都可检测到空气中的Can f 1。在有狗的房屋中，相当一部分（约20%）空气中的Can f 1与小颗粒（直径<5微米）相关。由于其空气动力学特性，预计这些颗粒会在空气中长时间停留，并且当被吸入时，可能会穿透到下呼吸道并引发哮喘发作。
