Knapik J J, Ang P, Meiselman H, Johnson W, Kirk J, Bensel C, Hanlon W
Soldier Performance Division, Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, MD 21005, USA.
Mil Med. 1997 Jan;162(1):62-7.
Fifteen male soldiers performed six maximal-effort, 20-km road marchers. They carried load masses of 34, 48, and 61 kg, using a standard military backpack with frame or an experimental doublepack. March times decreased as mass increased and were faster with the standard pack than with the double-pack. The doublepack resulted in less low back discomfort and a lower incidence of blisters at the highest load, but also resulted in more discomfort in the neck and hips. Neither load mass nor pack type affected soldiers' marksmanship ability, grenade throw accuracy, or cognitive ability. The maximal-effort march itself affected the marksmanship tasks by increasing the post-march vertical shot group dispersion. The concept of distributing the load mass more evenly around the center of mass of the body has both positive and negative aspects and warrants further investigation.
15名男性士兵进行了6次竭尽全力的20公里行军。他们背负34公斤、48公斤和61公斤的重物，使用标准的带框架军用背包或实验性双背包。行军时间随着负重增加而减少，使用标准背包时的行军速度比使用双背包时更快。双背包在最高负重时导致的下背部不适较少，水泡发生率较低，但也导致颈部和臀部更不适。负重质量和背包类型均未影响士兵的射击能力、手榴弹投掷准确性或认知能力。竭尽全力的行军本身通过增加行军后垂直射击组的分散度影响射击任务。将负重质量更均匀地分布在身体质心周围的概念有积极和消极两个方面，值得进一步研究。
