Langford C P, Bowsher J, Maloney J P, Lillis P P
School of Nursing, University of South Carolina at Aiken, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 1997 Jan;25(1):95-100. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1997.1997025095.x.
Using the methodology of Walker and Avant, the purpose of this paper was to identify the most frequently used theoretical and operational definitions of social support. A positive relationship between social support and health is generally accepted in the literature. However, the set of dimensions used to define social support is inconsistent. In addition, few measurement tools have established reliability and validity. Findings from this conceptual analysis suggested four of the most frequently used defining attributes of social support: emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal. Social network, social embeddedness, and social climate were identified as antecedents of social support. Social support consequences were subsumed under the general rubric of positive health states. Examples were personal competence, health maintenance behaviours, effective coping behaviours, perceived control, sense of stability, recognition of self-worth, positive affect, psychological well-being, and decreased anxiety and depression. Recommendations for future research were made.
运用沃克和阿万特的方法，本文旨在确定社会支持最常用的理论定义和操作定义。社会支持与健康之间的正向关系在文献中普遍得到认可。然而，用于定义社会支持的维度集并不一致。此外，很少有测量工具建立了信度和效度。这一概念分析的结果表明了社会支持最常用的四个定义属性：情感性、工具性、信息性和评价性。社会网络、社会嵌入性和社会氛围被确定为社会支持的 antecedents 。社会支持的后果被归入积极健康状态这一总体类别之下。例子包括个人能力、健康维持行为、有效的应对行为、感知到的控制感、稳定感、自我价值的认可、积极情绪、心理健康以及焦虑和抑郁的减轻。并对未来研究提出了建议。 （注：这里“antecedents”可能是前文未提及的特定术语，暂保留英文未翻译，需根据更多背景信息准确翻译）
