Lisman J E
Volen Center for Complex Systems, Biology Dept, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254, USA.
Trends Neurosci. 1997 Jan;20(1):38-43. doi: 10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10070-9.
Several lines of evidence indicate that brief (< 25 ms) bursts of high-frequency firing have special importance in brain function. Recent work shows that many central synapses are surprisingly unreliable at signaling the arrival of single presynaptic action potentials to the postsynaptic neuron. However, bursts are reliably signaled because transmitter release is facilitated. Thus, these synapses can be viewed as filters that transmit bursts, but filter out single spikes. Bursts appear to have a special role in synaptic plasticity and information processing. In the hippocampus, a single burst can produce long-term synaptic modifications. In brain structures whose computational role is known, action potentials that arrive in bursts provide more-precise information than action potentials that arrive singly. These results, and the requirement for multiple inputs to fire a cell suggest that the best stimulus for exciting a cell (that is, a neural code) is coincident bursts.
多条证据表明，高频发放的短暂（<25毫秒）脉冲串在脑功能中具有特殊重要性。近期研究表明，许多中枢突触在将单个突触前动作电位的到来信号传递给突触后神经元时出人意料地不可靠。然而，脉冲串能够可靠地被传递，因为递质释放得到促进。因此，这些突触可被视为传递脉冲串但滤除单个尖峰的滤波器。脉冲串似乎在突触可塑性和信息处理中具有特殊作用。在海马体中，单个脉冲串可产生长期的突触修饰。在已知其计算作用的脑结构中，成串到达的动作电位比单个到达的动作电位提供更精确的信息。这些结果，以及细胞放电需要多个输入这一情况表明，兴奋一个细胞的最佳刺激（即神经编码）是同步脉冲串。
