Martín Moreno V, Molina Cabrerizo M R, Fernández Rodríguez J, Moreno Fernández A M, Lucas Valbuena J C
Centro de Salud de Navalcarnero.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 1996 May-Jun;70(3):331-43.
A healthy diet and adequate personal hygiene are essential factors for good health. Adolescents gradually achieve a degree of autonomy in these areas. The aim of the study is to find out the diet and hygiene habits of adolescents in Navalcarnero, a rural town in the Autonomous Region of Madrid (Spain).
A descriptive study of a cross section of the relevant population, by previously validated, self-completed and anonymous questionnaire, filled in by adolescents (3 degrees BUP/ESO/FP) in by 13- and 14-year old school children (EGB.) The diet survey assessed the weekly consumption frequency of different foodstuffs.
The respondents normally had milk and cocoa for breakfast, with toast or a bun. Lunch was more abundant than the evening meal, and more fruit was consumed more often in the former. Most of the children drank milk every day, usually in its natural state, but in two out of three cases, the consumption of dairy products was not as recommended, vegetable consumption was low. Among the children of BUP/ESO/FP, the girls consumed greens, salad, fruit and sliced bread more often, this difference being particularly marked in the case of the bread, and the boys consumed considerably more meat and bread of the French-stick kind. With respect to personal hygiene, most of them have a shower and wash their hair every two or three days and brush their teeth and change their underwear on a daily basis; the girls proved to be much more assiduous in having a shower, brushing their teeth and changing their underwear.
In some areas, behaviour as regards diet and hygiene shows differences depending on the sex of the individual, certain habits ought to be improved upon.
健康的饮食和良好的个人卫生是身体健康的重要因素。青少年在这些方面逐渐获得一定程度的自主权。本研究的目的是了解西班牙马德里自治区一个乡村小镇纳瓦尔卡内罗青少年的饮食和卫生习惯。
通过先前验证过的、由青少年（13至14岁的小学儿童，即基础义务教育阶段）自行填写且匿名的问卷，对相关人群进行横断面描述性研究。饮食调查评估了不同食品的每周消费频率。
受访者早餐通常喝牛奶和可可，搭配吐司或小圆面包。午餐比晚餐丰盛，午餐时水果的消费量也更多。大多数孩子每天都喝牛奶，通常是喝纯牛奶，但三分之二的情况下，乳制品的摄入量未达推荐量，蔬菜摄入量较低。在基础义务教育/中等教育/职业培训阶段的孩子中，女孩更常食用绿叶蔬菜、沙拉、水果和切片面包，这种差异在面包方面尤为明显，而男孩则食用更多的肉类和法棍面包。在个人卫生方面，他们大多数人每两到三天洗一次澡、洗一次头，每天刷牙并更换内衣；女孩在洗澡、刷牙和更换内衣方面表现得更为勤快。
在某些方面，饮食和卫生行为因性别而异，某些习惯有待改进。
