Cosmas A C, Kernan K, Buck E, Fernhall B, Manfredi T G
School of Allied Health Professions, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269-2034, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1997;75(1):62-7. doi: 10.1007/s004210050127.
The effects of a cholesterol-rich diet and exercise training on the myocardial capillary network and capillary ultrastructure were examined using Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a 7-week exhaustive swimming scheme. A total of 16 animals were randomly divided into four groups consisting of normal dietinactive, normal dietexercise, cholesterol dietinactive, and cholesterol dietexercise. Following the experimental regimen the largest heart-mass-to-body-mass ratios were measured for the exercised rats fed a normal diet and the smallest ratios were found for the cholesterol-fed inactive rats. The capillary-to-fiber ratios and the capillary densities of the exercise-trained animals fed normal and cholesterol-containing diets were higher than those of either of the inactive groups. Diet and exercise had significant and opposing effects on the number of capillary pinocytotic vesicles and no significant effect on vesicle size. The capillary endothelium of the exercise-trained animal groups occupied a smaller proportion of the capillary area when compared to diet-matched inactive groups. The results of this study imply that exercise training and a cholesterol-containing diet have opposite effects on the heart-mass-to-body-mass ratio and capillary pinocytotic vesicle number. Furthermore, exercise increases the capillary network of the myocardium and may facilitate receptor-mediated transport in heart capillaries.
使用接受为期7周力竭游泳方案的斯普拉格-道利大鼠，研究了富含胆固醇的饮食和运动训练对心肌毛细血管网络及毛细血管超微结构的影响。总共16只动物被随机分为四组，分别为正常饮食不运动组、正常饮食运动组、高胆固醇饮食不运动组和高胆固醇饮食运动组。按照实验方案，喂食正常饮食的运动大鼠测得最大的心脏质量与体重比，而喂食高胆固醇饮食的不运动大鼠的该比值最小。喂食正常饮食和含胆固醇饮食的运动训练动物的毛细血管与纤维比率及毛细血管密度高于任一不运动组。饮食和运动对毛细血管胞饮小泡数量有显著的相反影响，对小泡大小无显著影响。与饮食匹配的不运动组相比，运动训练动物组的毛细血管内皮在毛细血管面积中所占比例较小。本研究结果表明，运动训练和含胆固醇饮食对心脏质量与体重比及毛细血管胞饮小泡数量有相反影响。此外，运动可增加心肌的毛细血管网络，并可能促进心脏毛细血管中受体介导的转运。
