Uilenberg G
Rev Elev Med Vet Pays Trop. 1996;49(2):124-9.
In the past, parasite control in domestic animals has relied mainly on the use of drugs and pesticides. Although these compounds are still of great importance in the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases, in recent years the emphasis has shifted to a more flexible approach, integrating various other control measures. The main reasons for this change are:--development of parasite resistance to the compounds used; --reduced development of new compounds to overcome resistance (increasingly more stringent regulations on toxicity and residues, resulting in very high research and development costs, insufficient return for industry because of the short life-span of new products due to resistance and because the market for compounds in developing countries is limited and poor);--increasing cost of new products for consumers;--problems associated with toxicity, environmental pollution and residues in animal products. Integrated parasite management makes use, where possible, of biological and mechanical control, of acquired and innate host resistance, and genetical, ecological, sanitary and regulatory procedures, although chemical control can seldom be entirely eliminated. Cost-effectiveness and sustainability in all respects are of primary importance.
过去，家畜寄生虫控制主要依赖于使用药物和杀虫剂。尽管这些化合物在预防和治疗寄生虫病方面仍然非常重要，但近年来重点已转向更灵活的方法，整合各种其他控制措施。这种变化的主要原因如下：——寄生虫对所用化合物产生抗药性；——克服抗药性的新化合物研发减少（对毒性和残留的监管越来越严格，导致研发成本非常高，由于抗药性导致新产品寿命短，且发展中国家化合物市场有限且不佳，行业回报不足）；——新产品对消费者的成本增加；——与动物产品中的毒性、环境污染和残留相关的问题。综合寄生虫管理尽可能利用生物和机械控制、获得性和先天性宿主抗性以及遗传、生态、卫生和监管程序，尽管化学控制很少能完全消除。各方面的成本效益和可持续性至关重要。
