Johnson D L, Swank P R, Howie V M, Baldwin C D, Owen M
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, TX 77204-5341, USA.
Psychol Rep. 1996 Dec;79(3 Pt 2):1179-85. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3f.1179.
Breast feeding was reported in 1992 by Lucas, et al. to provide advantages for the development of intelligence in children of low birth weight, possibly through nutrients or other biological factors found in human breast milk but not cow's milk. Research on breast feeding and intelligence in children of normal birth weight has yielded mixed results, probably because measurement of environmental influences has not been thorough and the range of intelligence components measured has been limited. Our research with 204 3-year-old children of normal birth weight included control measures for the environment and maternal intelligence (Hollings-head socioeconomic status, Home Observation for the Measured Environment, Shipley) and two measures of childhood intelligence (Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised). Controlling for environmental variables and maternal intelligence, initiation of breast feeding predicted scores on intelligence tests at age three. Breast feeding was associated with 4.6-point higher mean in children's intelligence.
1992年，卢卡斯等人报告称，母乳喂养可能通过人乳中而非牛奶中含有的营养物质或其他生物因素，为低体重儿童的智力发育提供优势。对正常出生体重儿童的母乳喂养与智力关系的研究结果不一，这可能是因为对环境影响的测量不够全面，且所测量的智力成分范围有限。我们对204名正常出生体重的3岁儿童进行的研究，纳入了环境和母亲智力的控制指标（霍林斯黑德社会经济地位、家庭环境观察量表、希普利测验）以及两项儿童智力指标（斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版和皮博迪图片词汇测验修订版）。在控制环境变量和母亲智力的情况下，母乳喂养的开始情况可预测三岁时的智力测试得分。母乳喂养与儿童智力平均得分高出4.6分相关。
