Meyer D E, Kieras D E
Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA.
Psychol Rev. 1997 Jan;104(1):3-65. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.104.1.3.
A new theoretical framework, executive-process interactive control (EPIC), is introduced for characterizing human performance of concurrent perceptual-motor and cognitive tasks. On the basis of EPIC, computational models may be formulated to simulate multiple-task performance under a variety of circumstances. These models account well for reaction-time data from representative situations such as the psychological refractory-period procedure. EPIC's goodness of fit supports several key conclusions: (a) At a cognitive level, people can apply distinct sets of production rules simultaneously for executing the procedures of multiple tasks; (b) people's capacity to process information at "peripheral" perceptual-motor levels is limited; (c) to cope with such limits and to satisfy task priorities, flexible scheduling strategies are used; and (d) these strategies are mediated by executive cognitive processes that coordinate concurrent tasks adaptively.
引入了一个新的理论框架——执行过程交互控制（EPIC），用于描述人类在同时进行感知运动和认知任务时的表现。基于EPIC，可以构建计算模型来模拟各种情况下的多任务表现。这些模型能够很好地解释来自代表性情境（如心理不应期程序）的反应时间数据。EPIC的拟合优度支持了几个关键结论：（a）在认知层面，人们可以同时应用不同的生产规则集来执行多个任务的程序；（b）人们在“外周”感知运动层面处理信息的能力是有限的；（c）为了应对这些限制并满足任务优先级，会使用灵活的调度策略；（d）这些策略由执行认知过程介导，这些过程能自适应地协调并发任务。
