Goodyer I M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, England.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1996;5 Suppl 1:33-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00538541.
Life events appear to exert a range of effects on subsequent behaviour through their impact on affective-cognitive processes. Their effects on those physiological processes pertinent to psychopathology have yet to be investigated. Single events do not exert much risk for subsequent disorder. It is the pattern of adverse life experiences, of which recent life events is frequently a component, that determines the degree of risk and the mechanisms and processes that may lead to subsequent psychopathology. Recall of events that occurred in the recent past may be influenced independently by the age of the individual and a previous episode of psychiatric disorder. Longitudinal studies determining the impact of life events on subsequent behaviour will need to take these features into account. There remains no specificity between particular types of recent undesirable life events and anxious or depressive disorders. Future longitudinal research should employ modern methods of life event data collection and measurement. The goal of future longitudinal research should be to determine the relative contribution of undesirable and desirable recent life events in the presence and absence of other putative casual factors from different domains. This should necessarily include social (e.g. long-term difficulties), psychological (e.g, temperament (18) or self esteem) and physiological (e.g. hypercortisolaemia in adolescent major depression (14, 11) elements. It is only through this combination of longitudinal design, together with sensitive and concurrent multiple repeat measurements that a greater understanding of the mechanisms and processes that determine psychopathology over the course of development will occur.
生活事件似乎通过影响情感认知过程，对后续行为产生一系列影响。它们对与精神病理学相关的生理过程的影响尚待研究。单一事件对后续障碍的风险影响不大。是不良生活经历的模式（近期生活事件通常是其中的一个组成部分）决定了风险程度以及可能导致后续精神病理学的机制和过程。对近期发生事件的回忆可能会受到个体年龄和先前精神疾病发作的独立影响。确定生活事件对后续行为影响的纵向研究需要考虑这些特征。近期特定类型的不良生活事件与焦虑或抑郁障碍之间不存在特异性。未来的纵向研究应采用现代生活事件数据收集和测量方法。未来纵向研究的目标应该是确定在存在和不存在来自不同领域的其他假定因果因素的情况下，近期不良和良好生活事件的相对贡献。这必然应包括社会因素（例如长期困难）、心理因素（例如气质或自尊）和生理因素（例如青少年重度抑郁症中的高皮质醇血症）。只有通过纵向设计与敏感且同步的多次重复测量相结合，才能更深入地了解在发展过程中决定精神病理学的机制和过程。
