Rutter M
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 1984 Sep;18(3):225-34. doi: 10.3109/00048678409161295.
The childhood antecedents of psychiatric disorder in adult life are reviewed with regard to four groups of conditions that show sharply contrasting patterns of linkage between childhood and adult life. For emotional disorders the links are weak and the mechanisms largely unknown. About half of schizophrenic psychoses are preceded by non-psychotic abnormalities of behaviour in childhood; the processes involved are probably largely constitutional. Affective disorders only infrequently begin in childhood and the behavioural precursors of adult depression do not constitute a clearly recognisable pattern. However, adverse experiences in childhood may create a vulnerability to later depression. The child-adult linkages are strongest with conduct disturbance in childhood and adult personality disorder; the mechanisms in this continuity are probably both constitutional and environmental.
本文回顾了成年期精神疾病的童年先兆，涉及四组情况，这些情况在童年与成年生活之间呈现出截然不同的联系模式。对于情感障碍，其联系较弱，机制大多未知。约一半的精神分裂症性精神病在童年期之前存在非精神病性的行为异常；所涉及的过程可能主要是体质性的。情感障碍很少在童年期开始，成年抑郁症的行为先兆并未构成一种清晰可辨的模式。然而，童年期的不良经历可能会使人更容易在日后患上抑郁症。童年与成年的联系在童年期的品行障碍和成年人格障碍中最为紧密；这种连续性中的机制可能既有体质性的，也有环境性的。
