Philipps J, Schönfeld C, Schleehauf D M, Beuerle W, Bienzle U, Kremsner P G
Institut für Tropenmedizin, Berlin, Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1996;108(19):615-20.
The local and systemic side effects of some frequently administered travel vaccines were analysed in a prospective study on 3488 travelers using a standardised telephone interview procedure. The vaccines studied were yellow fever, diphtheria toxoid (d), tetanus diphtheria toxoid (Td), oral polio (OPV) and oral typhoid. Combined vaccinations studied were Td + OPV. Td + yellow fever. d + OPV and d + yellow fever. After single vaccination 30% of those inoculated reported slight local reactions. 3% had moderate local reactions and 18% complained about systemic side effects. After combined vaccinations 47% suffered from slight local reactions, 7% had moderate local reactions and 22% developed systemic side effects. Of all vaccines studied Td produced the highest frequency of local reactions. The combined vaccinations containing yellow fever vaccine were less well tolerated than the corresponding single vaccines. Systemic and local side effects were experienced more frequently by women, except in the case of diphtheria toxoid. Young travelers had more frequent and more severe side effects than older travelers after yellow fever vaccination, and after the combinations of Td + yellow fever. Td + OPV and d + yellow fever vaccinations. The side effects observed were mostly mild and none of the vaccinated travelers consulted a doctor for side effects. After travel vaccinations there are frequent, but well tolerated local and systemic side effects. Combined vaccinations are also well tolerated; their components determine the incidence of side effects.
通过标准化电话访谈程序，对3488名旅行者进行了一项前瞻性研究，分析了一些常用旅行疫苗的局部和全身副作用。所研究的疫苗有黄热病疫苗、白喉类毒素（d）、破伤风白喉类毒素（Td）、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）和口服伤寒疫苗。所研究的联合疫苗有Td+OPV、Td+黄热病疫苗、d+OPV和d+黄热病疫苗。单次接种后，30%的接种者报告有轻微局部反应，3%有中度局部反应，18%抱怨有全身副作用。联合接种后，47%有轻微局部反应，7%有中度局部反应，22%出现全身副作用。在所研究的所有疫苗中，Td引起局部反应的频率最高。含黄热病疫苗的联合疫苗耐受性不如相应的单一疫苗。除白喉类毒素外，女性出现全身和局部副作用的频率更高。黄热病疫苗接种后，以及Td+黄热病疫苗、Td+OPV和d+黄热病疫苗联合接种后，年轻旅行者比年长旅行者出现副作用的频率更高、程度更严重。观察到的副作用大多较轻，没有接种疫苗的旅行者因副作用咨询医生。旅行疫苗接种后会频繁出现局部和全身副作用，但耐受性良好。联合疫苗接种耐受性也良好；其成分决定副作用的发生率。
