Rikitomi N, Sow P S, Watanabe K, Nunez D S, Martinez G, Nagatake T
Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan.
Microbiol Immunol. 1996;40(12):899-905. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1996.tb01158.x.
The susceptibility of 101 pneumococcal isolates from the respiratory tract during 1991-1994 was examined and compared with the susceptibility of isolates over the period of 1975-1990. A rapid increase of resistance was seen not only to penicillin but also other antimicrobial agents. During 1991-1994, 38% of all the isolates were resistant to penicillin. The rates of resistance during this period were 16-23% for three newer cephalosporins, 18% for imipenem, 69% for tetracycline, 31% for erythromycin, 20% for chloramphenicol and 9% for clindamycin. The use of antibiotics within one month prior to pneumococcal isolation was correlated with penicillin resistance (P < 0.05). Serotyping of the isolates by antiserum revealed differences in predominant types between penicillin-resistant (19F, 23F,4) and -susceptible isolates (15, 4, 11A). Our data suggests that anti-pneumococcal antibiotics should be carefully chosen on the basis of susceptibility tests.
对1991年至1994年期间从呼吸道分离出的101株肺炎球菌菌株的药敏性进行了检测，并与1975年至1990年期间分离菌株的药敏性进行了比较。不仅对青霉素，而且对其他抗菌药物的耐药性都出现了快速上升。在1991年至1994年期间，所有分离菌株中有38%对青霉素耐药。在此期间，三种新型头孢菌素的耐药率为16%至23%，亚胺培南为18%，四环素为69%，红霉素为31%，氯霉素为20%，克林霉素为9%。肺炎球菌分离前一个月内使用抗生素与青霉素耐药性相关（P<0.05）。用抗血清对分离菌株进行血清分型显示，耐青霉素菌株（19F、23F、4型）和敏感菌株（15、4、11A型）的主要类型存在差异。我们的数据表明，应根据药敏试验谨慎选择抗肺炎球菌抗生素。
