Burdick A E, Mahmud K, Jenkins D P
University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, USA.
Ostomy Wound Manage. 1996 Oct;42(9):26-30, 32-4, 36-7.
Telemedicine combines computer, video and telecommunications to provide healthcare to patients at distant sites. With the improved camera and transmission technologies of the 1990s, telemedicine can be used in a variety of situations. There are two basic technological systems: live interactive video and still image ("store and forward"). Potential users include patients who live in rural or difficult to reach geographic areas, who are confined (i.e. prison inmates), Telemedicine can allow ambulatory patients to continue living at home rather than moving into costly nursing facilities. Home telemedicine also allows greater responsiveness and higher frequency of visits by home care nurses, potentially reducing future hospital visits and costs. Two home telemedicine models are the personal telemedicine unit and the enhanced personal telemedicine module with pc-based video. Telemedicine technologies developed by the military for use on the battlefield that could be adapted for civilian use include medical simulations, individual monitoring devices and biosensors, portable retinal display monitors, life support for trauma/transport, and diagnostic ultrasound imagery. Ultimately, the benefits of telemedicine will be consistency of care, easy access to specialized consultants, higher responsiveness to patient needs, and lower overall healthcare costs.
远程医疗结合了计算机、视频和电信技术，为身处偏远地区的患者提供医疗服务。随着20世纪90年代摄像头和传输技术的改进，远程医疗可应用于多种情况。有两种基本技术系统：实时交互式视频和静态图像（“存储转发”）。潜在用户包括居住在农村或难以到达的地理区域的患者、被限制行动的人（如监狱囚犯）。远程医疗可使非卧床患者继续在家生活，而不必搬到昂贵的护理机构。家庭远程医疗还能让家庭护理护士做出更快反应并增加上门探访频率，有可能减少未来的医院就诊次数和费用。两种家庭远程医疗模式是个人远程医疗设备和带有基于个人电脑视频的增强型个人远程医疗模块。军方为战场使用而开发的可适用于民用的远程医疗技术包括医疗模拟、个人监测设备和生物传感器、便携式视网膜显示监视器、创伤/运输生命支持以及诊断超声成像。最终，远程医疗的好处将体现在医疗服务的一致性、方便获得专科咨询、对患者需求的更高响应度以及降低总体医疗成本。
