Quantitative genetics of sperm precedence in Drosophila melanogaster.

To assess the genetic basis of sperm competition under conditions in which it occurs, I estimated additive, dominance, homozygous and environmental variance components, the effects of inbreeding, and the weighted average dominance of segregating alleles for two measures of sperm precedence in a large, outbred laboratory population. Both first and second male precedence show significant decline on inbreeding. Second male precedence demonstrates significant dominance variance and homozygous genetic variance, but the additive variance is low and not significantly different from zero. For first male precedence, the variance among homozygous lines is again significant, and dominance variance is larger than the additive variance, but is not statistically significant. In contrast, male mating success and other fitness components in Drosophila generally exhibit significant additive variance and little or no dominance variance. Other recent experiments have shown significant genotypic variation for sperm precedence and have associated it with allelic variants of accessory-gland proteins. The contrast between sperm precedence and other male fitness traits in the structure of quantitative genetic variation suggests that different mechanisms may be responsible for the maintenance of variation in these traits. The pattern of genetic variation and inbreeding decline shown in this experiment suggests that one or a few genes with major effects on sperm precedence may be segregating in this population.