Morgan C L
Department of Psychology, California State University, Stanislaus 95382, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 1996 Dec;83(3 Pt 2):1227-34. doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1227.
The effectiveness of an ambient odor as a retrieval cue for words unrelated to odor was investigated. After incidental learning of 40 adjectives, 40 participants were tested for recall during three unannounced recall phases (15 min., 48 hr., and 5 days). Participants in two control conditions learned with no odor present and either had no odor present during any recall phase or only during recall after 5 days. Participants in two conditions learned with an odor present and either had the odor present during recall only after 5 days or during recall both after 15 min. and after 5 days. Analyses indicated that, while participants in the control conditions recalled significantly less during each succeeding recall phase, recall by participants in the two experimental conditions did not decrease significantly. Recall by participants in the two experimental conditions was significantly higher during recall after 5 days (when the odor was reintroduced) than either control group. The addition of a salient cue during learning and retrieval facilitated recall more than the presence of constant environmental cues.
研究了一种环境气味作为与气味无关单词的检索线索的有效性。在偶然学习40个形容词后，40名参与者在三个未宣布的回忆阶段（15分钟、48小时和5天）接受回忆测试。两个对照组的参与者在无气味的情况下学习，并且在任何回忆阶段都无气味，或者仅在5天后的回忆期间有气味。两个实验组的参与者在有气味的情况下学习，并且要么仅在5天后的回忆期间有气味，要么在15分钟后和5天后的回忆期间都有气味。分析表明，虽然对照组的参与者在每个后续回忆阶段的回忆量显著减少，但两个实验组的参与者的回忆量没有显著下降。两个实验组的参与者在5天后（重新引入气味时）的回忆期间的回忆量显著高于任何一个对照组。在学习和检索过程中添加显著线索比持续存在的环境线索更有助于回忆。
