Herz R S
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Am J Psychol. 1997 Winter;110(4):489-505.
Emotional potentiation may be a key variable in the formation of odor-associated memory. Two experiments were conducted in which a distinctive ambient odor was present or absent during encoding and retrieval sessions and subjects were in an anxious or neutral mood during encoding. Subjects' mood at retrieval was not manipulated. The laboratory mood induction used in Experiment 1 suggested that anxiety might increase the effectiveness of an odor retrieval cue. This trend was confirmed in Experiment 2 by capturing a naturally stressful situation. Subjects who had an ambient odor cue available and were in a preexam state during encoding recalled more words than subjects in any other group. These data are evidence that heightened emotion experienced during encoding with an ambient odor can enhance the effectiveness of an odor as a cue to memory.
情绪增强可能是气味相关记忆形成中的一个关键变量。我们进行了两项实验，在编码和检索阶段存在或不存在一种独特的环境气味，并且在编码期间让受试者处于焦虑或中性情绪中。检索时受试者的情绪未作操控。实验1中使用的实验室情绪诱导表明，焦虑可能会提高气味检索线索的有效性。在实验2中，通过捕捉一种自然的压力情境证实了这一趋势。在编码期间有环境气味线索且处于考前状态的受试者比其他任何组的受试者回忆起的单词更多。这些数据证明，在有环境气味的编码过程中体验到的增强情绪能够提高气味作为记忆线索的有效性。
