Houran J, Lange R
University of Illinois at Springfield 62794-9823, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 1996 Dec;83(3 Pt 2):1307-16. doi: 10.2466/pms.1996.83.3f.1307.
Hauntings and poltergeist-like episodes are argued to be products of contagious reactions to ambiguous environmental or cognitive events. In particular, evidence suggests that the subjective and objective effects reported by percipients are the function of independent, nonparanoraml etiologies whose constitutions have been previously established and described. According to this multivariate model, the labeling of ambiguous events as "abnormal" or "paranormal" initiates the reactive process which is subsequently sustained by perceptual contagion, i.e., flurries of paranormal observations due self-reinforcing attentional processes.
闹鬼和类似吵闹鬼的事件被认为是对模糊的环境或认知事件产生的传染性反应的产物。特别是，有证据表明，感知者报告的主观和客观影响是独立的、非超自然病因的作用，其构成先前已被确立和描述。根据这个多变量模型，将模糊事件标记为“异常”或“超自然”会启动反应过程，随后该过程会因感知传染而持续，即由于自我强化的注意力过程而出现一连串的超自然观察。
