Lange R, Houran J
University of Illinois at Springfield, USA.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1998 Oct;186(10):637-45. doi: 10.1097/00005053-199810000-00008.
The hypothesis that paranormal (poltergeist) experiences are delusions resulting from the affective and cognitive dynamics of percipients' interpretation of ambiguous stimuli was tested in two studies using a structural modeling approach. Consistent with attribution theory, study I indicated that such delusions are best modeled by a closed negative-feedback loop involving belief, experience, and fear as process variables. Using a more homogeneous sample of percipients, study II replicated this model and the relations among the process variables reached statistical significance. The findings extend established attributional models of delusions by incorporating psychosocial and cognitive factors, including age, gender, and tolerance of ambiguity. The model is proposed as a general framework for the understanding and study of delusions and contagious psychogenic illness, in particular.
超自然（闹鬼）体验是感知者对模糊刺激进行解释时情感和认知动态所导致的错觉这一假设，在两项研究中采用结构建模方法进行了检验。与归因理论一致，研究I表明，这种错觉最好用一个封闭的负反馈回路来建模，该回路将信念、体验和恐惧作为过程变量。研究II使用了更同质的感知者样本，复制了这个模型，并且过程变量之间的关系达到了统计学显著性。这些发现通过纳入心理社会和认知因素（包括年龄、性别和对模糊性的耐受性）扩展了已有的错觉归因模型。该模型被提议作为一个通用框架，尤其用于理解和研究错觉以及传染性心因性疾病。
