O'Byrne P M
Department of Medicine, McMaster University Health Science Center, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Pharmacotherapy. 1997 Jan-Feb;17(1 Pt 2):31S-38S.
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is prevalent among patients with symptomatic asthma, especially those with moderate-to-severe airway hyperresponsiveness. This phenomenon generally manifests within the first 3-5 minutes after exercise, during which the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) markedly decreases. Usually, the FEV1 gradually returns to baseline within an hour. Exercise should not be avoided in patients with asthma, since improved physical fitness can reduce the minute ventilation associated with a given exercise work rate and, thereby, reduce the bronchoconstrictive response. The cysteinyl leukotrienes are becoming recognized as important mediators in EIB, and prostaglandins (released at least partially as a result of leukotriene stimulation) are gaining recognition for their protective effects. Thus, pharmacologic agents that either reduce leukotriene activity or enhance prostaglandin activity, or agents that do both, may enhance prophylaxis against EIB. Currently, beta-agonists and cromolyn sodium are the mainstays of prophylactic therapy for EIB.
运动诱发性支气管收缩（EIB）在有症状的哮喘患者中很普遍，尤其是那些有中重度气道高反应性的患者。这种现象通常在运动开始后的3 - 5分钟内出现，在此期间，一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）会显著下降。通常，FEV1会在一小时内逐渐恢复到基线水平。哮喘患者不应避免运动，因为提高身体素质可以降低与特定运动工作率相关的分钟通气量，从而减少支气管收缩反应。半胱氨酰白三烯正被认为是EIB中的重要介质，而前列腺素（至少部分是由白三烯刺激释放的）因其保护作用而受到认可。因此，降低白三烯活性或增强前列腺素活性的药物，或兼具两者作用的药物，可能会增强对EIB的预防作用。目前，β受体激动剂和色甘酸钠是EIB预防性治疗的主要药物。
