Halling A, Björn A L
Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, University of Lund, Malmö, Sweden.
Swed Dent J. 1987;11(4):135-45.
The periodontal status of samples from an urban population of women aged 38-60 years was studied in a longitudinal (1968-1980) and a cross-sectional investigation. The variables studied were the number of remaining teeth and the proximal alveolar bone height assessed by measurements on panoramic radiographs. Periodontal status was related to educational level and time elapsed since the last visit to a dentist. Longitudinal study: About 65 per cent of the women had no higher education than elementary school. In all age-groups, women with the lowest educational level had significantly fewer remaining teeth than those in higher educational groups. During the 12-year observation period 1.7-2.0 teeth were lost on an average, irrespective of educational level. There were no differences of mean bone height between the educational groups either in 1968 or in 1980. However, in the two lowest groups about 3 per cent, compared to 4 per cent of the women with a higher educational level exhibited periodontal breakdown corresponding to approximately one fourth of the total root length. Sixty-nine per cent of the women had visited their dentists within the last year and 17 per cent had done so more than two years ago. In all age groups in educational group 1 the most recent visitors had more remaining teeth and had on average lost fewer teeth during the 12-year period than the others (1.7 compared to 2.3-2.6 teeth). The mean bone levels were significantly higher, both in 1968 and in 1980, and the percentages of women showing pronounced breakdown of alveolar bone during the observation period was significantly lower among the most recent visitors. Cross-sectional study: The investigation included two cohorts, one comprising 38-year-old and the other 50-year-old women. Sixty-seven per cent of the women in the 38-year, cohort from 1968 had only completed elementary school, compared to 34 per cent of the women of the same age in 1980. No such difference was found in the 50-year in cohorts, of which 66 per cent both in 1968 and in 1980 had only elementary school education. The women in both had significantly more remaining teeth and more periodontal bone support in 1980 than those in the same age-groups in 1968.
在一项纵向研究（1968 - 1980年）和一项横断面调查中，对年龄在38 - 60岁的城市女性样本的牙周状况进行了研究。所研究的变量包括剩余牙齿数量以及通过全景X线片测量评估的近中牙槽骨高度。牙周状况与教育水平以及自上次看牙医以来所经过的时间有关。纵向研究：约65%的女性教育程度不高于小学。在所有年龄组中，教育水平最低的女性剩余牙齿明显少于教育水平较高组的女性。在12年的观察期内，无论教育水平如何，平均每人丢失1.7 - 2.0颗牙齿。1968年和1980年，不同教育组之间的平均骨高度没有差异。然而，在两个最低教育组中，约3%的女性出现了相当于牙根总长度约四分之一的牙周破坏，而教育水平较高的女性中这一比例为4%。69%的女性在过去一年中看过牙医，17%的女性在两年多以前看过牙医。在教育组1的所有年龄组中，最近看过牙医的女性比其他人剩余牙齿更多，并且在12年期间平均丢失的牙齿更少（分别为1.7颗与2.3 - 2.6颗）。1968年和1980年，她们的平均骨水平明显更高，并且在观察期内牙槽骨出现明显破坏的女性比例在最近看过牙医的人群中显著更低。横断面研究：调查包括两个队列，一个队列由38岁女性组成，另一个由50岁女性组成。1968年38岁队列中的女性有67%仅完成了小学教育，相比之下，1980年同年龄女性中这一比例为34%。在50岁队列中未发现此类差异，1968年和1980年该队列中均有66%的女性仅接受过小学教育。与1968年同年龄组的女性相比，1980年这两个队列中的女性剩余牙齿明显更多，牙周骨支持也更多。
