Grizel H
Insitut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER), Station de Sète, France.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Jun;15(2):401-8.
Human beings have always introduced non-indigenous species into new environments. Such is the case with shellfish, which the Romans, fine connoisseurs, transferred from France to Italy to mature. The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) are among the most significant examples of these introductions. The author examines the causes, conditions, results, and economic and biological repercussions of these examples. The well known cases of the introduction and implantation of new populations of molluscs are relatively recent, dating back to the beginning of this century. These movements result from an intensification of fishing activities, and the development of the mollusc industry and of transportation. The introduction of fish has been attempted for hundreds of species, whereas the introduction of molluscs has involved no more than a few dozen recorded species. Finally, with regard to the deliberate introduction of molluscs, none has led to significant ecological disruption, but on the contrary, has led to the establishment of permanent coastal activities which do not greatly disturb the natural biotopes.
人类一直都在将非本地物种引入新环境。贝类就是如此，作为鉴赏行家的罗马人将其从法国转移至意大利使其成熟。太平洋牡蛎（太平洋牡蛎）和菲律宾蛤仔（菲律宾蛤仔）是这些引入物种中最重要的例子。作者研究了这些例子的成因、条件、结果以及经济和生物学影响。著名的软体动物新种群引入和定居案例相对较新，可追溯到本世纪初。这些迁移是由渔业活动的强化、软体动物产业和交通运输的发展导致的。鱼类的引入尝试了数百个物种，而软体动物的引入记录在案的不过几十种。最后，关于有意引入软体动物，没有一种导致重大的生态破坏，相反，却促成了一些永久性沿海活动的建立，这些活动对自然生物群落的干扰不大。
