Le Borgne Y
Société Atlantique de Mariculture (SATMAR), La Saline, Barfleur, France.
Rev Sci Tech. 1996 Jun;15(2):491-8.
Over the last century and a half, trade in shellfish has introduced into france four new species intended for aquaculture, as follows: -the Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) -the American clam (Mercenaria mercenaria) -the Pacific oyster (C. gigas) -the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum). The development of hatcheries and air transport facilities has led to increased trade in these species among the countries of the European Union (France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom); they are also imported from other countries (Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey). The species involved in this trade are the Pacific oyster, that flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), the Manila clam, the calico clam (R. decussatus) and the scallop (Pecten maximus). The reasons for such trade are economic (as markets and consumption habits differ from one country to another) and ecological (as areas suited to the growth of a species are not always those where natural reproduction is possible). Numerous problems still confront the economic participants, particularly the harmonisation of controls, the fair evaluation of disease risks and the adaptation of administrative procedures to biological constraints.
在过去的一个半世纪里，贝类贸易给法国引入了四种用于水产养殖的新物种，具体如下：——葡萄牙牡蛎（Crassostrea angulata）——美国蛤（Mercenaria mercenaria）——太平洋牡蛎（C. gigas）——菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）。孵化场和航空运输设施的发展使得这些物种在欧盟国家（法国、爱尔兰、意大利、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国）之间的贸易有所增加；它们也从其他国家（摩洛哥、突尼斯和土耳其）进口。参与这种贸易的物种有太平洋牡蛎、欧洲扁蛎（Ostrea edulis）、菲律宾蛤仔、花条蚬（R. decussatus）和扇贝（Pecten maximus）。这种贸易的原因既有经济方面的（因为不同国家的市场和消费习惯不同），也有生态方面的（因为适合一个物种生长的区域并不总是能够进行自然繁殖的区域）。经济参与者仍然面临许多问题，特别是控制措施的协调、疾病风险的合理评估以及行政程序对生物限制因素的适应。
