Hains S M, Muir D W
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Child Dev. 1996 Oct;67(5):1940-51.
Adult eye direction was manipulated while adults interacted with 3-6 month-olds over closed-circuit television (Experiment 1) or in person (Experiment 2). Infants received 4 1-min interaction periods. For experimental groups, adult eye contact was maintained during Periods 1 and 3, and averted during Periods 2 and 4 (by viewing infants on a television monitor to maintain contingency). Control infants received eye contact during all periods. Experimental infants' smiling declined whenever adults looked away; their visual attention simply decreased across periods. Control infants showed little change in gaze or smiling across periods. The implications of these results for Baron-Cohen's model of infant theory of mind and Morton and Johnson's 2-process theory of infant face perception are discussed.
在成人通过闭路电视（实验1）或亲自（实验2）与3至6个月大的婴儿互动时，对成人的眼睛注视方向进行了操控。婴儿接受了4个1分钟的互动时段。对于实验组，在第1和第3时段保持成人的眼神接触，而在第2和第4时段则避免眼神接触（通过观看电视监视器上的婴儿以保持连贯性）。对照组婴儿在所有时段都接受眼神接触。每当成人看向别处时，实验组婴儿的微笑就会减少；他们的视觉注意力在各个时段只是单纯地下降。对照组婴儿在各个时段的注视或微笑变化不大。讨论了这些结果对巴伦 - 科恩的婴儿心理理论模型以及莫顿和约翰逊的婴儿面部感知双过程理论的启示。
