Wrobel G M, Ayers-Lopez S, Grotevant H D, McRoy R G, Friedrick M
Department of Psychology, Bethel College, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA.
Child Dev. 1996 Oct;67(5):2358-74.
There is great controversy regarding the impact of openness in adoption, especially the impact of such an arrangement on adopted children. Three indicators of the level of child participation in the openness arrangement were examined: (a) level of openness reported by adoptive parents, (b) level of information adopted children reported having about their birthparents, and (c) whether adoptive parents have withheld any pertinent information gained through communication with the birthmother from the adopted child. 171 children (90 males, 81 females; mean age = 7.99) wee studied to assess how that participation influenced their conceptual understanding of what adoption means, general self-worth, satisfaction with level of openness, and curiosity about birthparents. Overall it does not appear that providing information about a child's birthparents will confuse the child about the meaning of adoption or lower the child's self-esteem, but neither will it move them to levels of understanding that are beyond their cognitive capabilities to reach.
关于收养中的公开性影响，尤其是这种安排对被收养儿童的影响，存在很大争议。研究了儿童参与公开性安排程度的三个指标：(a) 养父母报告的公开程度；(b) 被收养儿童报告的关于其亲生父母的信息程度；(c) 养父母是否向被收养儿童隐瞒了通过与生母沟通获得的任何相关信息。对171名儿童（90名男性，81名女性；平均年龄 = 7.99岁）进行了研究，以评估这种参与如何影响他们对收养含义的概念理解、总体自我价值感、对公开程度的满意度以及对亲生父母的好奇心。总体而言，向儿童提供关于其亲生父母的信息似乎不会使儿童对收养的含义感到困惑或降低其自尊，但也不会将他们提升到超出其认知能力所能达到的理解水平。
