Carone Nicola, Barone Lavinia, Manzi Demetria, Baiocco Roberto, Lingiardi Vittorio, Kerns Kathryn
Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Lab Attachment and Parenting-LAG, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jan 31;11:112. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00112. eCollection 2020.
Evidence is lacking about the factors that are pivotal in enhancing the exploration of surrogacy origins in children of gay fathers during middle childhood. The present study examined the separate and combined influences of child attachment security and parental scaffolding (i.e., fathers' attempts to accept, encourage, and emotionally support their children's expression of thoughts and feelings) during discussions about conception on children's exploration of their surrogacy origins in 30 Italian children born to gay fathers through gestational surrogacy. Within each family, both father-child dyads ( = 60) participated in a 5-minute videotaped conversation regarding an aspect of the child's conception when children were mean aged 8.3 years (t1). At this time, children were also administered the Security Scale Questionnaire to evaluate their attachment security. Approximately 18 months later (t2; = 9.9 years), children were interviewed about their surrogacy origins. Linear mixed models (LMMs) for longitudinal data indicated that, with higher levels of parental scaffolding, only children who perceived greater attachment security reported greater exploration of their surrogacy origins. The findings are the first to underscore the importance of conversations about surrogacy within the context of parent-child attachment relationships, as well as the importance of fathers sensitively supporting their children as they explore their origins during middle childhood. In doing so, it is expected that fathers will likely facilitate their children's positive integration of their surrogacy conception into a coherent sense of identity during adolescence.
关于在童年中期促进男同性恋父亲的孩子对代孕身世进行探索的关键因素，目前仍缺乏相关证据。本研究调查了在关于受孕的讨论中，儿童依恋安全性和父母支架作用（即父亲试图接受、鼓励并在情感上支持孩子表达想法和感受）对30名通过妊娠代孕出生的意大利男同性恋父亲的孩子探索代孕身世的单独影响和综合影响。在每个家庭中，父子二元组（n = 60）参与了一段5分钟的录像对话，内容是关于孩子受孕的一个方面，当时孩子的平均年龄为8.3岁（t1）。此时，还对孩子们进行了安全感量表问卷调查，以评估他们的依恋安全性。大约18个月后（t2；平均年龄 = 9.9岁），对孩子们进行了关于代孕身世的访谈。纵向数据的线性混合模型（LMMs）表明，在父母支架作用水平较高的情况下，只有那些感知到更强依恋安全性的孩子才会对代孕身世有更多的探索。这些发现首次强调了在亲子依恋关系背景下关于代孕的对话的重要性，以及父亲在孩子童年中期探索身世时给予敏感支持的重要性。这样做有望使父亲们在孩子青春期时促进他们将代孕概念积极融入连贯的身份认同感。
