Mattes R D
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1997 Feb;65(2 Suppl):692S-697S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/65.2.692S.
Accumulating evidence indicates that the taste of salt is innately appealing to humans, although responses to salty foods are strongly influenced by environmental factors. Except in instances of severe, prolonged sodium depletion, a sodium-specific appetite has not been documented in humans. Limited data reveal no clear association between early exposure to salt and various hedonic responses to salt later in life, but recent exposure markedly alters a person's preferred salt content of foods. Restricting exposure for 8-12 wk can enhance the appeal of reduced-sodium foods in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. Although the appeal of the taste of salt is one factor contributing to its intake, the extent to which such a hedonic shift promotes long-term adherence to a reduced-sodium diet has not been determined. There is little evidence supporting a relation between either taste sensitivity or hedonic responses to salt and blood pressure.
越来越多的证据表明，盐的味道对人类具有天生的吸引力，尽管对咸味食物的反应会受到环境因素的强烈影响。除了严重、长期的钠缺乏情况外，尚未在人类中记录到对钠的特异性食欲。有限的数据显示，早期接触盐与后期对盐的各种享乐反应之间没有明确的关联，但近期接触盐会显著改变一个人对食物中盐含量的偏好。在正常血压和高血压个体中，限制盐的接触8 - 12周可以增强低钠食物的吸引力。尽管盐味的吸引力是导致其摄入的一个因素，但这种享乐性转变在多大程度上促进长期坚持低钠饮食尚未确定。几乎没有证据支持对盐的味觉敏感性或享乐反应与血压之间存在关联。
