Adler R H
Medizinische Abteilung, Inselspital Bern.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 1996 Dec 17;85(51-52):1641-6.
Dualism in medicine (making a sharp distinction between somatic and psychosocial features) is not based on human nature. Rather, it is the result of the development and training of the observer. A physician must be brought to realize this. For behind his every medical consideration and action lies a medical theory. Clinical examples are given, where the physician's lack of awareness of the limitations of his concept led to serious results for the patient. The author describes his own path through training and experience from dualism to an integrative biopsychosocial concept. Based on his own pain research, he shows how results depend on the concept followed. He insists that from the very beginning medical studies must be founded on a biopsychosocial model.
医学中的二元论（将躯体特征和心理社会特征截然分开）并非基于人性。相反，它是观察者发展和训练的结果。必须让医生认识到这一点。因为在他的每一个医学考量和行动背后都有一个医学理论。文中给出了临床实例，说明医生对其观念局限性缺乏认识给患者带来了严重后果。作者描述了自己从二元论经过训练和经验转变为综合生物心理社会观念的历程。基于他自己的疼痛研究，他展示了结果如何取决于所遵循的观念。他坚持认为，医学研究从一开始就必须建立在生物心理社会模型的基础之上。
