Halle M, Berg A, König D, Keul J, Baumstark M W
Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Prevention, and Sports Medicine, Freiburg University Hospital, Germany.
Metabolism. 1997 Feb;46(2):186-91. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90300-0.
There is evidence that a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfraction profile of increased concentrations of small, dense LDL particles is less common among trained than among sedentary normocholesterolemic men, but it is still uncertain whether there is a similar association in hypercholesterolemia also. Therefore, we determined the lipid and apolipoprotein concentration and composition of six LDL subfractions (density gradient ultracentrifugation) in 20 physically fit, regularly exercising (>three times per week) hypercholesterolemic men and 20 sedentary hypercholesterolemic controls. Trained (maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max], 57.3 +/- 7.4 mL/kg/min) and sedentary (VO2max, 37.5 +/- 8.8 mL/kg/min) individuals (aged 35 +/- 11 years; body mass index [BMI], 23.9 +/- 2.7 kg/m2) were matched for LDL apolipoprotein (apo) B levels (108 +/- 23 and 112 +/- 36 mg/dL, respectively). Trained subjects had significantly lower serum triglyceride (P < .05) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels (P < .05) and higher high-density lipoprotein 2 (HDL2) cholesterol levels (P < .01) than sedentary controls. LDL particle distribution showed that trained individuals had significantly less small, dense LDL (d = 1.040 to 1.063 g/mL) and more large LDL (d = 1.019 to 1.037 g/mL) subfraction particles than sedentary controls, despite equal total LDL particle number. Analysis of LDL composition showed that LDL particles of hypercholesterolemic trained men had a higher free cholesterol content than LDL of untrained hypercholesterolemic men. Small, dense LDL in hypercholesterolemic trained men were richer in phospholipids than those in sedentary controls. These data demonstrate the significant influence of aerobic fitness on lipoprotein subfraction concentration and composition, thereby emphasizing the role of exercise in the treatment and risk reduction of hypercholesterolemia.
有证据表明，与久坐不动的正常胆固醇水平男性相比，训练有素的男性中，小而密的低密度脂蛋白（LDL）颗粒浓度增加的LDL亚组分分布情况较少见，但高胆固醇血症患者中是否存在类似关联仍不确定。因此，我们测定了20名身体健康、定期锻炼（每周超过三次）的高胆固醇血症男性和20名久坐不动的高胆固醇血症对照者的六种LDL亚组分（密度梯度超速离心法）的脂质和载脂蛋白浓度及组成。训练有素者（最大耗氧量[VO2max]，57.3±7.4 mL/kg/min）和久坐不动者（VO2max，37.5±8.8 mL/kg/min）（年龄35±11岁；体重指数[BMI]，23.9±2.7 kg/m2）的LDL载脂蛋白（apo）B水平相匹配（分别为108±23和112±36 mg/dL）。与久坐不动的对照者相比，训练有素的受试者血清甘油三酯（P<.05）和极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）胆固醇水平显著更低（P<.05），高密度脂蛋白2（HDL2）胆固醇水平显著更高（P<.01）。LDL颗粒分布显示，尽管总LDL颗粒数量相等，但训练有素的个体比久坐不动的对照者有显著更少的小而密的LDL（密度d = 1.040至1.063 g/mL）亚组分颗粒和更多的大LDL（密度d = 1.019至1.037 g/mL）亚组分颗粒。LDL组成分析表明，高胆固醇血症训练有素男性的LDL颗粒比未训练的高胆固醇血症男性的LDL具有更高的游离胆固醇含量。高胆固醇血症训练有素男性的小而密的LDL比久坐不动的对照者富含更多磷脂。这些数据证明了有氧适能对脂蛋白亚组分浓度和组成有显著影响，从而强调了运动在高胆固醇血症治疗和风险降低中的作用。
