Bondevik M, Skogstad A
University of Bergen, Norway.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 1996;43(3):181-97. doi: 10.2190/9C14-NHUX-XQPL-GA5J.
Two groups of individuals, eighty years of age or older, were compared with respect to the experience of loneliness and the influence of social relationships. One group was living in nursing homes. The other group was living alone in their own homes in the community. There were no significant differences in experienced loneliness between residence with close contacts with members of family and friends compared to residents without such contacts in either of the two groups, with one exception: institutional residents with existing contacts with former neighbors reported significantly lower levels of loneliness compared to institutional residents without such contacts. Frequency of contacts with family and neighbors did not influence significantly the degree of loneliness for residents in institutions. For residents in the community there were significant differences in experienced loneliness between those who had frequent contacts with family members and neighbors and those with infrequent contacts. Institutional residents, like residents in the community who desired more frequent contacts with family members and friends, reported higher levels of loneliness, compared to those who reported sufficient contacts.
对两组80岁及以上的人群就孤独体验和社会关系的影响进行了比较。一组住在养老院，另一组独自居住在社区自己家中。在两组中，与有家人和朋友密切联系的居民相比，没有这种联系的居民在孤独体验方面没有显著差异，但有一个例外：与以前邻居有联系的养老院居民报告的孤独程度明显低于没有这种联系的养老院居民。与家人和邻居的联系频率对养老院居民的孤独程度没有显著影响。对于社区居民来说，与家人和邻居有频繁联系的人和联系不频繁的人在孤独体验上存在显著差异。与那些报告有足够联系的居民相比，养老院居民以及社区中希望与家人和朋友有更频繁联系的居民报告的孤独程度更高。
