Kesmodel U, Olsen S F, Salvig J D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1997 Jan;76(1):38-44. doi: 10.3109/00016349709047782.
To evaluate whether low intakes in pregnancy of marine n-3 fatty acids or calcium increase the risk of preeclampsia, pregnancy induced hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation, or preterm delivery and whether high intakes of the above nutrients increase the risk of postterm delivery.
A case-control nested in cohort study.
Between 1989 and 1991 a cohort of 9,434 pregnant women was established. Forty-three preeclamptics, 179 women with pregnancy induced hypertension, 182 with intrauterine growth retardation, 153 delivering preterm, and 189 delivering postterm together with 256 controls were sampled for this study. Dietary information was obtained retrospectively between six months and 3 1/2 years after delivery using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, whilst information on potential confounders was obtained from the cohort data base and analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Questions regarding marine n-3 fatty acids and calcium intake provided the basis for categorization into three and five intake groups respectively.
For all five pregnancy outcomes and both nutritional factors, none of the confounder-adjusted odds ratios comparing higher intake levels with the lowest intake level were significant. Neither were chi 2-tests for trend calculated for each pregnancy outcome statistically significant (p > 0.20). Odds ratios for highest versus lowest intake levels were for n-3 fatty acids 0.79 ((0.27 to 2.34 (95% CI)) for pregnancy induced hypertension, 1.00 (0.34 to 2.95) for intrauterine growth retardation, and 0.99 (0.35 to 2.74) for preterm delivery; for calcium they were 0.92 (0.33 to 2.60) for pregnancy induced hypertension, 0.77 (0.25 to 2.42) for intrauterine growth retardation, and 1.05 (0.36 to 3.10) for preterm delivery.
No associations could be detected in these data between calcium or fish intake and adverse pregnancy outcome.
评估孕期海洋n-3脂肪酸或钙摄入量低是否会增加先兆子痫、妊娠高血压、胎儿生长受限或早产的风险，以及上述营养素摄入量高是否会增加过期产的风险。
队列研究中的病例对照研究。
1989年至1991年期间建立了一个由9434名孕妇组成的队列。本研究抽取了43例先兆子痫患者、179例妊娠高血压妇女、182例胎儿生长受限患者、153例早产患者、189例过期产患者以及256例对照。使用半定量食物频率问卷在产后6个月至3年半之间回顾性获取饮食信息，同时从队列数据库中获取潜在混杂因素的信息，并通过多因素逻辑回归进行分析。关于海洋n-3脂肪酸和钙摄入量的问题分别为将其分为三个和五个摄入组提供了依据。
对于所有五种妊娠结局和两种营养因素，将较高摄入水平与最低摄入水平进行比较的混杂因素调整后的优势比均无统计学意义。针对每种妊娠结局计算的趋势卡方检验也均无统计学意义（p>0.20）。最高与最低摄入水平的优势比，对于n-3脂肪酸，妊娠高血压为0.79（95%可信区间为0.27至2.34），胎儿生长受限为1.00（0.34至2.95），早产为0.99（0.35至2.74）；对于钙，妊娠高血压为0.92（0.33至2.60），胎儿生长受限为0.77（0.25至2.42），早产为1.05（0.36至3.10）。
在这些数据中未检测到钙或鱼类摄入量与不良妊娠结局之间存在关联。
