Gaines L S, Smith B D, Skolnick B E
J Human Stress. 1977 Sep;3(3):11-25. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1977.9936088.
Psychological differentiation and uncertainty about receiving a painful noise were examined for their effects on heart rate during the anticipatory, impact and recovery phases of the tone presentation. Psychologically differentiated and nondifferentiated subjects were randomly assigned to three event uncertainty conditions (5 percent, 50 percent, 95 percent probability of noise). Subjects were informed of the probability of receiving the noise, as well as the time of occurrence as indicated by a sequentially numbered visual display. Subjects received the noise on the second of the experiment's two trials. Cognitive style and event uncertainty interacted during the anticipatory phase--i.e., differentiated subjects showed a monotonic increase in heart rate with increasing probability of receiving the noise that represents preparation for instrumental activity. Results are consistent with the theory that meaningful personality-stress relationships may be obtained when examining stimulus-oriented dispositions.
在音调呈现的预期、冲击和恢复阶段，研究了心理分化以及对接收痛苦噪音的不确定性对心率的影响。心理分化和未分化的受试者被随机分配到三种事件不确定性条件下（噪音出现概率为5%、50%、95%）。告知受试者接收噪音的概率以及由顺序编号的视觉显示所指示的出现时间。受试者在实验的两次试验中的第二次试验时接收噪音。在预期阶段，认知风格和事件不确定性存在交互作用——也就是说，分化的受试者心率随着接收噪音概率的增加而呈单调上升，这代表着为工具性活动做准备。结果与这样一种理论一致，即当研究以刺激为导向的倾向时，可能会获得有意义的人格 - 压力关系。
