Mouloua M, Parasuraman R
Cognitive Science Laboratory, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 1995 Jan-Mar;21(1):17-32. doi: 10.1080/03610739508254265.
Age-related differences in cognitive vigilance were examined in a task requiring identification of a target (a lowercase letter) presented at three levels of spatial uncertainty (low, moderate, and high) and in the context of a low or high event rate. Thirty-six young (18-24 years) and 36 older (60-74 years) adults participated in 30-min vigilance sessions. Increased spatial uncertainty decreased target detection rate and d' to a greater extent in older adults than in young adults. No age differences were obtained for the low-spatial-uncertainty condition. The vigilance decrement--the decline in detection rate over time--was magnified when event rate was high and when spatial uncertainty was high. The results suggest that cognitive vigilance is age sensitive when demands on visual attention capacity are increased by high event rate or spatial uncertainty.
在一项任务中，研究了认知警觉性的年龄差异。该任务要求识别在三种空间不确定性水平（低、中、高）下呈现的目标（一个小写字母），且处于低或高事件率的背景中。三十六名年轻人（18 - 24岁）和三十六名老年人（60 - 74岁）参加了30分钟的警觉性测试。与年轻人相比，空间不确定性增加时，老年人的目标检测率和d'下降幅度更大。在低空间不确定性条件下未获得年龄差异。当事件率高且空间不确定性高时，警觉性下降——检测率随时间的下降——会被放大。结果表明，当高事件率或空间不确定性增加对视觉注意力容量的需求时，认知警觉性对年龄敏感。
