Wilson H R
Department of Dairy and Poultry Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
Poult Sci. 1997 Jan;76(1):134-43. doi: 10.1093/ps/76.1.134.
The effects of dietary factors on the development and viability of avian embryos have been extensively documented. A good nutritional status of the parent birds is crucial to the transfer to the egg of an adequate, balanced supply of nutrients required for normal development of the embryo. The consequences to the embryo may be lethal if the egg contains either inadequate, excessive, or imbalanced levels of nutrients. As nutritional deficiencies or excesses occur, it is common for the effects on the embryo to also become more severe and to occur at earlier stages of development. The type of nutritional stress signs visible in the embryo often depend upon the severity of the maternal nutritional stress. Diseases, parasitic infections, toxins, poisons, or drugs may also cause nutritional or pseudonutritional problems with hatchability.
饮食因素对禽类胚胎发育和生存能力的影响已有大量文献记载。亲鸟良好的营养状况对于向卵中转移胚胎正常发育所需的充足、均衡营养供应至关重要。如果卵中所含营养物质水平不足、过量或不均衡，对胚胎的后果可能是致命的。随着营养缺乏或过剩情况的出现，对胚胎的影响通常也会变得更加严重，并在发育的早期阶段出现。胚胎中可见的营养应激迹象类型往往取决于母体营养应激的严重程度。疾病、寄生虫感染、毒素、毒物或药物也可能导致孵化率方面的营养或假营养问题。
