Knepper M A
Renal Mechanisms Section, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0951, USA.
Am J Physiol. 1997 Jan;272(1 Pt 2):F3-12. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.1.F3.
The purpose of this review is to illustrate the application of molecular methodologies to the investigation of a fundamentally integrative problem in renal physiology, namely, the mechanism of regulation of water excretion by the kidney and the concomitant concentration of solutes in the urine. A new revolution in renal physiology is occurring as new research tools have become available as a result of the cloning of cDNAs for many of the major transporters and receptors in the renal medulla. Among the important renal medullary transporters are the aquaporin water channels, which mediate the osmotic water transport across renal medullary epithelia. One of these water channels, aquaporin-2, has been shown to be the target for short-term regulation of collecting duct water permeability by vasopressin. In addition, two collecting duct water channels, aquaporin-2 and aquaporin-3, are targets for long-term regulation by vasopressin through effects on the absolute expression levels of the water channel proteins. This review focuses on the mechanisms of both short- and long-term regulation of these water channels by vasopressin.
本综述的目的是阐述分子方法在研究肾脏生理学中一个基本的整合性问题上的应用，即肾脏对水排泄的调节机制以及尿液中溶质的伴随浓缩。随着肾髓质中许多主要转运蛋白和受体的cDNA克隆，新的研究工具得以问世，肾脏生理学正在经历一场新的变革。肾髓质中重要的转运蛋白包括水通道蛋白水通道，它们介导跨肾髓质上皮的渗透性水转运。其中一种水通道蛋白水通道蛋白-2已被证明是抗利尿激素对集合管水通透性进行短期调节的靶点。此外，两种集合管水通道蛋白水通道蛋白-2和水通道蛋白-3是抗利尿激素通过影响水通道蛋白的绝对表达水平进行长期调节的靶点。本综述重点关注抗利尿激素对这些水通道蛋白进行短期和长期调节的机制。
