Umlauf M G, Sherman S M
School of Nursing, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294-1210, USA.
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 1996 Nov;23(6):314-21. doi: 10.1016/s1071-5754(96)90052-2.
The purpose of this study was to explore the problem of urinary incontinence among elderly men living in the community. Descriptive data from a mailed, 53-item survey were collected and analyzed. The subjects were a convenience sample of 2800 older community-dwelling men enrolled in a hospital-based senior citizens' group in the southwest United States. The 53-item, self-administered survey was designed with a large typeface and a reading level of 3 years of schooling. In pretesting, the instrument required approximately 10 minutes to complete. Within the 2-month response period, 1490 completed surveys were returned for a total response rate of 53%. A subsample of 434 respondents (29%) reported uncontrolled urine leakage of any amount during the month before the survey. Most of these elders reported mild symptoms (84%) or symptoms that had persisted longer than 1 month but less than 2 years (48%). Consistent with the mildness of symptoms reported, the most frequently reported wetness management products were household commodities, such as toilet tissue and paper towels. Only one third of subjects with urinary incontinence symptoms had discussed these symptoms with a physician. Of those who did, almost half received some type of treatment. Incontinence was found to be statistically associated with age, prostate surgery, diuretic use, difficulty in starting urination, and voiding small amounts. In most cases, however, incontinence demonstrated a limited statistical relationship to these variables commonly associated with incontinence. In contrast, caffeine use, a history of prostate problems, and the sensation of incomplete bladder emptying were statistically associated with continence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence among elderly community-dwelling men is significant, although most asserted that their problems with urine loss are mild. In addition to urinary incontinence, many continent and incontinent elderly men have a wide range of urinary dysfunction symptoms.
本研究的目的是探讨居住在社区的老年男性尿失禁问题。收集并分析了一份通过邮寄方式进行的、包含53个项目的调查问卷的描述性数据。研究对象是从美国西南部一家医院的老年人群体中方便抽取的2800名居住在社区的老年男性。这份包含53个项目的自填式调查问卷采用大号字体设计，阅读水平相当于三年级学历。在预测试中，完成该问卷大约需要10分钟。在2个月的回复期内，共收到1490份完成的调查问卷，总回复率为53%。434名受访者（29%）的子样本报告在调查前一个月内有任何程度的尿失禁。这些老年人大多报告症状较轻（84%），或症状持续时间超过1个月但不到2年（48%）。与所报告症状的轻微程度一致，最常报告的尿液处理产品是家庭用品，如卫生纸和纸巾。只有三分之一有尿失禁症状的受试者与医生讨论过这些症状。在那些讨论过的人中，几乎一半接受了某种类型的治疗。研究发现，尿失禁与年龄、前列腺手术、使用利尿剂、排尿困难和尿量少在统计学上相关。然而，在大多数情况下，尿失禁与这些通常与尿失禁相关的变量之间的统计关系有限。相比之下，饮用咖啡因、有前列腺问题病史以及膀胱排空不完全的感觉与尿失禁在统计学上相关。居住在社区的老年男性尿失禁的患病率很高，尽管大多数人声称他们的漏尿问题较轻。除了尿失禁，许多有或没有尿失禁的老年男性还有广泛的排尿功能障碍症状。
