Pion I A, Kopf A W, Hughes B R, Wetton N M, Collins M, Newton Bishop J A
Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Pediatr Dermatol. 1997 Jan-Feb;14(1):6-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.1997.tb00418.x.
Childhood exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for melanoma. To formulate a meaningful program to educate children about the ill effects of the sun, their extant knowledge base must be determined. We have used the "draw-and-write" technique to assess children's perceptions about the sun, suntans, and skin cancer. A total of 693 school children aged 4 to 13 years were asked to draw pictures and label them in response to a series of carefully worded questions. Awareness of the need to apply sunscreen increased from 44% in children aged 4 to 6 years to 95% in children aged 9 to 10 years. Ten percent of children aged 4 to 6 years already perceived a suntan as attractive. While almost all children were aware of the negative immediate effects of sun exposure, namely sunburn, just 30% of American children aged 11 to 13 were aware that sun exposure is a risk for skin cancer. No differences between boys and girls were seen. The "draw-and-write" technique allows assessment of the attitudes and perceptions of children regarding the sun and skin cancer. It also provides valuable information on which to base health education and evaluate its cost-effectiveness.
儿童时期暴露在阳光下是患黑色素瘤的一个风险因素。为了制定一个有意义的项目来教育儿童关于阳光的不良影响，必须确定他们现有的知识基础。我们使用了“绘画与写作”技术来评估儿童对阳光、晒黑和皮肤癌的认知。总共693名4至13岁的学童被要求根据一系列措辞严谨的问题画画并标注。对涂抹防晒霜必要性的认知从4至6岁儿童中的44%上升到9至10岁儿童中的95%。4至6岁的儿童中有10%已经认为晒黑很有吸引力。虽然几乎所有儿童都意识到阳光照射的直接负面影响，即晒伤，但11至13岁的美国儿童中只有30%意识到阳光照射是患皮肤癌的一个风险。未发现男孩和女孩之间存在差异。“绘画与写作”技术能够评估儿童对阳光和皮肤癌的态度及认知。它还提供了有价值的信息，可作为健康教育的基础并评估其成本效益。
