Schut H A, Stroebe M S, van den Bout J, de Keijser J
Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Br J Clin Psychol. 1997 Feb;36(1):63-72. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1997.tb01231.x.
This article describes an investigation of emotion-focused versus problem-focused intervention for widowers (N = 23) and widowers (N = 23) who were suffering elevated levels of distress 11 months after their loss. They were randomly assigned to an intervention condition and improvement (on the General Health Questionnaire) was compared with non-intervention controls (N = 59). Two alternative hypotheses were considered: (1) men, since they focus less on their emotions, would benefit from problem-focused counselling, while women, focusing more on their emotions, would benefit from emotion-focused intervention; (2) each gender, having been comparatively unsuccessful in coping through these usual strategies, would benefit more from intervention directed towards the less familiar strategy. Results supported the second hypothesis: widowers benefited more from emotion-focused, widows from problem-focused interventions. Implications for supporting widows and widowers are discussed.
本文描述了一项针对在丧偶11个月后痛苦程度较高的鳏夫（N = 23）和寡妇（N = 23）进行的以情绪为中心与以问题为中心的干预措施的调查。他们被随机分配到干预组，并将干预组（在一般健康问卷上）的改善情况与非干预对照组（N = 59）进行比较。考虑了两个备择假设：（1）男性由于较少关注自身情绪，将从以问题为中心的咨询中受益，而女性更多关注自身情绪，将从以情绪为中心的干预中受益；（2）每种性别在通过这些常用策略应对方面相对不太成功，将从针对不太熟悉策略的干预中获益更多。结果支持了第二个假设：鳏夫从以情绪为中心的干预中获益更多，寡妇从以问题为中心的干预中获益更多。文中讨论了对支持鳏夫和寡妇的启示。
