Clancy J, McVicar A
Br J Theatre Nurs. 1996 Nov;6(8):16-20, 22.
Respiratory homeostasis is concerned with the regulation of a blood gas composition that is compatible with maintaining cellular homeostasis. Provided that the lung-capillary exchange barrier does not prevent the exchange of gases, then blood leaving the lung will have oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures that are similar to the average values found in the alveoli. Alveolar ventilation establishes these values. If blood gas composition, especially of carbon dioxide, moves outside the homeostatic range, the change is detected by chemoreceptors and respiratory responses are promoted which change alveolar ventilation, alter alveolar gas composition and so reverse the change. Ventilation therapies provide the means of artificially restoring alveolar gas composition. In general terms, they do this by raising the partial pressure of oxygen within the alveoli either by using oxygen-enriched gas mixtures, or by improving the ventilation of alveoli using positive pressure.
呼吸稳态涉及对与维持细胞稳态相适应的血气成分的调节。只要肺毛细血管交换屏障不妨碍气体交换，那么离开肺部的血液中的氧气和二氧化碳分压将与肺泡中的平均值相似。肺泡通气确定了这些值。如果血气成分，尤其是二氧化碳，超出稳态范围，化学感受器会检测到这种变化，并促进呼吸反应，从而改变肺泡通气、改变肺泡气体成分，进而逆转这种变化。通气治疗提供了人工恢复肺泡气体成分的方法。一般来说，它们通过使用富氧气体混合物提高肺泡内氧气的分压，或者通过使用正压改善肺泡通气来实现这一点。
