Gupta A, Waldhauser L K
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Pediatr Clin North Am. 1997 Feb;44(1):79-92. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(05)70464-8.
Neonates and older infants are a diverse group of children, quite different from their older counterparts. Adverse drug reactions may have profound immediate, delayed, and long-term implications for their neurologic and somatic development. The intrauterine, neonatal, and infancy periods are the only stages in life in which one is exposed to and affected by drugs administered to another person, the mother. In addition, because of the fragility of the neonate and the complexity of their illnesses, their pharmacotherapy is frequently complicated with misadventure and adverse drug reactions that are unavoidable or difficult to assess. Because of their differences in morphology and disease process and treatments, infants and children experience a different range of adverse drug reactions. These reactions are not necessarily predictable from the adult experience. Despite the advances made in the field of pediatric adverse drug reactions and the lessons learned through the misfortunes involving children, children continue to suffer. Sixty years after the Elixir of Sulfanilamide-Massengill disaster, children continue to be given medications with diethylene glycol in developing countries. Pediatricians, pharmacologists, and others must continue to be vigilant and active in preventing, monitoring, and treating adverse drug reactions in children. Learning from mistakes of the past will improve the health of children by preventing mistakes in the future.
新生儿和大龄婴儿是一群独特的儿童，与年龄较大的儿童有很大不同。药物不良反应可能对他们的神经和身体发育产生深远的即时、延迟和长期影响。子宫内、新生儿期和婴儿期是生命中仅有的一个人会接触并受到给予另一个人（母亲）的药物影响的阶段。此外，由于新生儿的脆弱性及其疾病的复杂性，他们的药物治疗常常因意外情况和难以避免或难以评估的药物不良反应而变得复杂。由于婴儿和儿童在形态、疾病过程及治疗方面存在差异，他们会经历不同类型的药物不良反应。这些反应不一定能从成人的经验中预测出来。尽管儿科药物不良反应领域取得了进展，并且从涉及儿童的不幸事件中吸取了教训，但儿童仍在遭受痛苦。在磺胺酏剂 - 马森吉尔灾难发生60年后，发展中国家的儿童仍在使用含有二甘醇的药物。儿科医生、药理学家及其他人员必须继续保持警惕并积极预防、监测和治疗儿童的药物不良反应。从过去的错误中吸取教训将通过防止未来的错误来改善儿童的健康状况。
