Influences on the selection of dietetics as a career.

OBJECTIVE

To gather information on the factors that influence students' decisions to choose dietetics as a career.

DESIGN

Self-administered questionnaires regarding the point at which career decisions were made were completed by 1,695 students in Plan IV/V dietetics programs throughout the United States.

SUBJECTS

All Plan IV/V dietetics programs that reported greater than five graduates in the academic year 1989 to 1990 were selected from the 1990-1991 Directory of Dietetic Programs for the sample population. Of the 156 schools that were mailed questionnaires, responses were received from 84 schools (54%). Almost 90% of the students were women, 10.6% were men.

STATISTICAL ANALYSES

Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. A chi 2 analysis was used to examine the relationship between point of decision and factors that influenced career choice, including people who influence career choice.

RESULTS

The majority of students (55%) questioned reported making their career decision in college. Students rated interest in nutrition (96.3%) and job enjoyment (93.8%) as factors that were important in their decision to pursue a career in dietetics. College catalogs were rated by 48.3% of the students as being either useful or very useful in helping them make their career selection. With respect to gender differences, women rated a diverse work environment as being very important to their career decision more frequently than men (chi 2 = 15.44, P < .01). Women were more likely than men to rate part-time work opportunities as being very important (chi 2 = 26.75, P < .001); and selected working with people as being very important to their career decision (chi 2 = 17.59, P < .01).

CONCLUSIONS

Findings identified that recruitment strategies need to be audience specific. Because career decision making appears to occur during one of three time frames (high school, college, or work experience), recruitment activities should be developed to specifically target students at these times. One way to increase the exposure of students to the profession of dietetics is for registered dietitians to give guest lectures in introductory college courses and high school upper-class courses in health, home economics, and biology. The use of university/college catalogs as effective marketing tools should also not be underestimated. Data suggest that gender differences exist in factors that influence persons to choose dietetics as a career. To increase the number of men who pursue careers in dietetics, future research should be designed to more fully explore gender differences, so that strategies to recruit more men into the profession can be developed.