Mercader-Sobrequés J M, Berenguer-González J, Pujol-Farré T
Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Clínic i Provincial de Barcelona, España.
Rev Neurol. 1996 Dec;24(136):1577-89.
Neurological complications are frequent in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). They are caused by neural structures being affected by the virus itself, and/or the development of opportunist infections and neoplasias secondary to the immunodepression. Cerebral toxoplasmosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy are the commonest encephalopathic disorders seen in these patients. Primary cerebral lymphoma, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), tuberculosis, etc. are less common. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) are the most suitable techniques for diagnosis and follow-up of cerebral involvement in patients with AIDS. Although MR is more sensitive for the detection of lesions, particularly those in the white matter, CT is still the most widely used technique since its more readily available. Also it needs less cooperation from the patient. Although on some occasions combination of both techniques may suggest the aetiology of the lesion, these techniques are non-specific.
神经并发症在获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者中很常见。它们是由神经结构受到病毒本身影响，和/或继发于免疫抑制的机会性感染及肿瘤的发展所致。脑弓形虫病和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）脑病是这些患者中最常见的脑病性疾病。原发性脑淋巴瘤、进行性多灶性白质脑病（PML）、结核病等则较少见。计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MR）是诊断和随访AIDS患者脑部受累情况最合适的技术。尽管MR对病变的检测更敏感，尤其是对白质病变，但CT仍是使用最广泛的技术，因为其更容易获得。而且它对患者的配合要求较低。尽管在某些情况下两种技术联合使用可能提示病变的病因，但这些技术都不具有特异性。
