Cameron J L
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
Semin Reprod Endocrinol. 1997 Feb;15(1):37-45. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1067966.
Both acute and chronic psychological and social stresses can impair reproductive hormone secretion in a variety of nonhuman primate species. This impairment can be subtle, consisting of a mild suppression in reproductive hormone secretion, or dramatic, underlying a complete suppression of fertility and reproductive behavior. Although group mean responses to various stresses can be measured, it is clear that there are marked differences in the response of the reproductive axis to these stresses among individual animals. Factors that contribute to the variability in the response of the reproductive axis include the type of stress, the magnitude and duration of stress, the perception of the stress by the individual, the social status of the individual, the concurrent level of aggressive behavior displayed by the individual, seasonal cues, and the prior level of activity within the reproductive axis. During some stresses, activation of the adrenal axis, endogenous opioid pathways, increased prolactin release, and changes in sensitivity to gonadal steroid hormone feedback appear to play a role in mediating the effects of behaviorally induced stresses on the reproductive axis. However, a great deal more work is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying impairment of the reproductive axis by most psychological and social stresses, as well as the mechanisms underlying differences in susceptibility to stress-induced impairment of reproductive function within individuals.
急性和慢性心理及社会压力均可损害多种非人灵长类动物的生殖激素分泌。这种损害可能较为细微，表现为生殖激素分泌轻度受抑，也可能较为显著，导致生育能力和生殖行为完全受抑。尽管可以测量群体对各种压力的平均反应，但显然个体动物的生殖轴对这些压力的反应存在显著差异。导致生殖轴反应变异性的因素包括压力类型、压力的强度和持续时间、个体对压力的感知、个体的社会地位、个体表现出的攻击性行为的并发水平、季节线索以及生殖轴内先前的活动水平。在某些压力期间，肾上腺轴的激活、内源性阿片肽途径、催乳素释放增加以及对性腺类固醇激素反馈敏感性的变化似乎在介导行为诱导的压力对生殖轴的影响中发挥作用。然而，要了解大多数心理和社会压力导致生殖轴受损的机制，以及个体对压力诱导的生殖功能损害易感性差异的潜在机制，还需要开展大量的研究工作。
